The Captivating Beauty and Hidden Danger of Cross Seas
Nature never ceases to amaze with its ability to produce breathtaking phenomena, offering us moments of awe and wonder. Among these marvels is the striking display of cross seas—a rare and visually stunning oceanic pattern where waves intersect to create intricate, grid-like formations.
Cross seas occur when two wave systems converge at angles greater than 45 degrees, or when wind-driven waves clash with a swell traveling in a different direction. While these watery grids are undeniably beautiful, they are also deceptively dangerous, posing serious risks to both swimmers and vessels.
Beneath their enchanting surface lies a hazardous reality. The currents generated by cross seas can be unpredictable and powerful, making them perilous for those in the water. Navigating a boat or ship through these conditions is especially challenging, often leading to accidents and shipwrecks. Experts attribute many maritime incidents to the dangers of cross seas.
A 2010 report by the European Space Agency highlighted how frequently these conditions occur, particularly when wind-driven waves and swells overlap. According to a 2004 study cited by the agency, a significant proportion of ship accidents were linked to crossing sea states, underscoring the need for caution in these waters.
One location where this phenomenon is particularly visible is along the western coast of France, especially near Île de Ré. Tourists flock to witness the mesmerizing patterns, though entering the water is strongly discouraged due to the extreme risks. Instead, visitors can safely admire the view from a lighthouse on the island’s western side.
Cross seas serve as a reminder of nature’s duality—its ability to inspire wonder while demanding respect for its inherent dangers. For a closer look at this extraordinary phenomenon, check out the video below. Nature’s beauty continues to captivate us, blending awe with caution.
We’ve All Waited for It: Scientists Created a Drug That Can Help Regrow Lost Teeth
The tooth fairy is a welcome guest for any child who has lost a tooth. Not only will the fairy leave a small gift under the child’s pillow, but they be assured of a replacement tooth in a few months. Unfortunately, the scenario is quite different for adults grappling with a loss of teeth. Luckily, there may be some hope thanks to a new study performed by scientists at Kyoto University and the University of Fukui.
A dental breakthrough
While the typical adult mouth houses 32 teeth, approximately 1% of the population exhibits variations of them, either possessing more or fewer teeth due to congenital conditions. Researchers have delved into the genetic factors behind cases of excessive teeth, seeking valuable insights into the potential regeneration of teeth in adults. This study is the first to show that monoclonal antibodies can help regrow teeth. It suggests a new way to treat a dental problem that currently requires implants and other artificial solutions.
A bit of science
The research team disclosed that an antibody targeting a specific gene, known as uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), can induce tooth development in mice affected by tooth agenesis, a congenital condition. The findings were published in the journal, Science Advances.
As per Katsu Takahashi, a senior lecturer at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and one of the principal contributors to the study, the essential molecules crucial for the development of teeth have already been pinpointed. “The morphogenesis of individual teeth depends on the interactions of several molecules including BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling,” says Takahashi.
On April 13, 2021, the University of Kyoto posted its first pic of newly-grown teeth in mice.
BMP and Wnt are involved in more than just tooth development; they affect the growth of organs and tissues early in the body’s development. Because drugs affecting them directly might have broad side effects, scientists are cautious. To find a potentially safer method, researchers focused on the gene USAG-1, thinking that aiming at factors countering BMP and Wnt specifically in tooth development could be more precise.
“We knew that suppressing USAG-1 benefits tooth growth. What we did not know was whether it would be enough,” added Takahashi.
The first results
Scientists looked at how different monoclonal antibodies affect USAG-1. Monoclonal antibodies are often used to treat things like cancer and arthritis and for making vaccines. Tests with this antibody showed that BMP signaling is crucial for deciding the number of teeth in mice. Also, just one treatment was enough to grow a whole tooth. Further tests confirmed these positive results in ferrets too.
“Ferrets are diphyodont animals with similar dental patterns to humans. Our next plan is to test the antibodies on other animals, such as pigs and dogs,” explained Takahashi.
Fully regrown frontal teeth in ferrets
The next steps
Now, scientists are going to test the drug on healthy adults. If that goes well, the team plans to try it on kids aged 2 to 6 with a rare tooth problem called anodontia, a genetic disorder defined as the absence of all teeth. These kids will get one shot of the drug to see if it makes their teeth grow. If everything works out, the medicine might be approved by 2030.
Takahashi sees the new medicine as an additional choice for individuals who are missing some or all of their teeth.
“The idea of growing new teeth is every dentist’s dream,” Takahashi told the Japanese newspaper, The Mainichi in June this year. “I’ve been working on this since I was a graduate student. I was confident I’d be able to make it happen.”
So hopefully, by the year 2030, humans will get a chance to have their third generation of teeth grown and say goodbye to implants. Until then, make sure to keep your teeth strong and healthy — this article will help you with that.
Preview photo credit KyotoU_News / Twitter
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